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Adult Learning Theory, also known as Andragogy, emphasizes several key principles that guide how adults learn effectively. One of the foundational elements is that adult learning is generally goal-oriented, meaning that adults engage in learning with specific objectives or outcomes in mind. This contrasts with traditional education, where learners may not always have clear goals.

Another essential aspect of Adult Learning Theory is that it values the knowledge and life experiences that adults bring into the educational setting. This prior knowledge serves as a basis for new learning, allowing adults to connect new concepts to what they already know.

Collaboration is also a significant component of Adult Learning Theory. Adults often learn better when they are engaged in discussions and shared activities, reinforcing knowledge through social interaction and collective problem-solving.

In contrast, passive learning does not align with the principles of Adult Learning Theory. Adult learners typically prefer an active role in their learning process, seeking to engage with the material and participate in discussion rather than simply receiving information passively. Therefore, the emphasis on active, goal-oriented, and collaborative approaches makes passive learning an aspect that is not part of Adult Learning Theory.